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8 -- Biological and Environmental Signatures in Archean Rocks
THREE ORAL SESSIONS
TUESDAY, April 15, 2008: AFTERNOON
Biological and Environmental Signatures in Archean Rocks: Micro- and Trace-fossils,
and Chemical Biosignatures
WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2008: Morning
Biological and Environmental Signatures in Archean Rocks: Morphological, Molecular,
and Chemical Biosignatures
WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2008: AFTERNOON
Biological and Environmental Signatures in Archean Rocks: Chemical Signatures of Biology and Environments s:
Yumiko Watanabe
Pennsylvania State University Astrobiology Research Center
University Park, PA, USA
Balz Kamber
Laurentian University
Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
Abigail Allwood
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA, USA
Description
This session will explore what morphological/geochemical/isotopic characteristics in Archean sedimentary rocks and paleosols can be used as indicators for understanding/identifying (i) specific types of organisms that lived in oceans (or lakes) during sediment accumulation; and (ii) their environmental conditions (e.g., climate; atmospheric and oceanic chemistry). The possible "tools" probably include (but are not restricted to): (a) microfossils and stromatolites; (b) molecular structures (biomarkers) and isotopic compositions of C, N, and H in organic matter; (c) multiple S isotope ratios of sulfide and sulfate minerals; and (d) abundance relationships and isotopic compositions of redox-sensitive metals (e.g., Fe, Mo, Cr, and rare earth elements).
ORAL SESSIONS
TUESDAY, April 15, 2008: AFTERNOON
Biological and Environmental Signatures in Archean Rocks: Micro- and Trace-fossils,
and Chemical Biosignatures
3:15 8-03-O. Search for Traces of Early Life in Archean Metasedimentary Rocks
G. Arrhenius, C. Daraio, G. Layne, A. Lepland, A. Misra, S. Perez, M. Rosing, L. Rudee,
M. van Zuilen, M. Whitehouse
3:30 8-15-O. Carbonaceous Matter in Akilia Quartz-rich Rock: Petrography,
Paragenesis and Biosignificance A. Lepland, M.A. van Zuilen, M.J. Whitehouse,
C.M. Fedo, G. Arrhenius
3:45 8-22-O. The Limits of MicroRaman Imaging of Ancient or Not So Ancient
Fossils and Pseudofossils
[invited] A. Steele, M. Fries, M. Schweizer, O. Green, J. Lindsay, D. Wacey, M. Brasier
4:00 8-24-O. Photosynthesis in a 3.5 Ga Old Shallow Marine Depositional
Environment; Clues from Carbon and Iron Isotope Systematics
M. van Zuilen, C. Thomazo, B. Luais, P. Philippot
4:15 8-30-O. Coupled C-S-Fe Isotope Variations in Archean-Paleoproterozoic
Shales; Tracers of Microbial Metabolisms and Redox State in the Early Earth
K. Yamaguchi, C.M. Johnson, B.L. Beard, S.R. Poulson, H. Ohmoto
4:30 BREAK
4:45 8-04-O. Ancient Microbial Life Preserved in Early Archean Volcanic Rocks on
Earth: Applications for Mars Exploration
[invited] N. Banerjee, H. Furnes, N. McLoughlin, A. Simonetti, K. Muehlenbachs,
H. Staudigel, M. de Wit, M. Van Kranendonk
5:00 8-29-O. Ultrastructural and Geochemical Characterization of Graphite Discs
from the Archean Wutai Complex in North China: Evidence for Organic-Walled
Microfossils Preserved in Highly Metamorphosed Rocks?
S. Xiao, J.D. Schiffbauer, X.Yuan, L. Yin, A.J. Kaufman
5:15 8-07-O. Phosphate Oxygen Isotope Evidence for Life in 3.2-3.4 Ga Rocks
from the Barberton Greenstone Complex, South Africa
S. Chang, R. Blake, A. Lepland
WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2008: MORNING
Biological and Environmental Signatures in Archean Rocks: Morphological, Molecular,
and Chemical Biosignatures
9:45 8-01-O. Genesis of 3.43 Billion Year Old Stromatolites: Geochemical
Imaging, Spectroscopy and Microfacies Analysis in Recrystallized Accretionary
Structures A. Allwood, M.S. Anderson, I.W. Burch, M.L. Coleman
10:00 8-05-O. Analysis of Microtextures in MISS in Siliciclastic Sedimentary Rocks
of the 2.9 Ga Pongola Supergroup, South Africa D. Bower, N. Noffke
10:15 8-09-O. Methylhopane Biomarker and Carbon Isotopic Evidence for Late
Archean Aerobic Ecosystems [invited] J. Eigenbrode, K. Freeman, R. Summons
10:30 8-18-O. The Challenge of Distinguishing Between Marine and Nonmarine Deposition on Early Earth T. Lyons, W. Gilhooly, C. Reinhard, G. Love, A. Anbar
10:45 BREAK
11:00 8-19-O. NANOsims Sheds Light on the Origin and Significance of Early
Archean Organic Microstructures from the Pilbara of Australia
D. Oehler, F. Robert, A. Meibom, S. Mostefaoui, M. Selo, M.R.Walter, K. Sugitani,
A. Allwood, E.K. Gibson
11:15 8-14-O. NanoSIMS Analysis of Early Archean Trace Fossils and Biominerals
M. Kilburn, D. Wacey
11:30 8-25-O. Nano-scale S-isotope Evidence for a Biological Sulphur Cycle in the
Early Archean [invited] D. Wacey, M.Kilburn
11:45 8-21-O. Early Archaean Microorganisms Preferred Elemental Sulfur, Not Sulfate P. Philippot, M. van Zuilen, K. Lepot, C. Thomazo, J. Farquhar, M. Van Kranendonk
WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2008: AFTERNOON
Biological and Environmental Signatures in Archean Rocks: Chemical Signatures of Biology and Environments s: Y. Watanabe, B. Kamber, A. Allwood
3:15 8-08-O. Synthesizing Archean Models and Data: a Self-Consistent Evolutionary
History S. Domagal-Goldman, J.F. Kasting, J. Haqq-Misra
3:30 8-17-O. Sulfur Isotope Mass-independent Fractionation by SO2 Self-shielding
J. Lyons
3:45 8-23-O. Geological and Experimental Constraints on Multiple Sulfur Isotopic
Composition of Archean Sulfate Aerosol [invited] Y. Ueno, S.O. Danielache
4:00 8-27-O. Creation of Large MIF-S during Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction
Y. Watanabe, H. Naraoka, H. Ohmoto
4:15 BREAK
4:30 8-13-O. Combined Trace Element, Sr-isotope and In Situ S-isotope Evidence
for a 2.52 Ga Shallow Water Chemocline in a Restricted Basin
B. Kamber, M. Whitehouse
4:45 8-26-O. Mo Isotopes Fractionate During Adsorption to Hydrous Ferric Oxide:
Implications for Mo Isotopes in Archean and Proterozoic Oceans
L.E. Wasylenki, T.J. Lund, A.D. Anbar
5:00 8-02-O. A Whiff of Oxygen Before the Great Oxidation Event A. Anbar,
A.J. Kaufman, G. Arnold, R. Buick, R. Creaser, Y. Duan, J. Farquhar, J. Garvin, D. Johnston,
B. Kendall, T.W. Lyons, C. Scott
5:15 8-20-O. Modeling the Long-term Evolution of Atmospheric O2 and CO2,
Oceanic Sulfate, the Biosphere, and the Lithosphere H. Ohmoto, A. Lasaga
POSTERS
8-06-P. A New Look at the Nanoscale Characteristics of Microbial Signatures in
3.4 Billion- year-old Earth Rocks S.L. Cady, M.M. Walsh, J. Huster, R.C. Hugo
8-10-P. Petrographic Context of Small Ssulfur MIFs in the 2.8-3.0 Ga Witwatersrand
Supergroup; Mesoarchean Oxygen Levels and Earth's Earliest Glaciations
B. Guy, S. Ono, A. Kaufman, M. Fogel, N. Beukes, J. Gutzmer
8-11-P. Non-redox Iron Isotope Signatures P. Hill, E. Schauble, A. Shahar, E. Tonui, E. Young
8-12-P. Possible Lateritic Paleosol Beneath the Earth's Oldest (~ 3.4 Ga) Land Surface
in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia I. Johnson, Y. Watanabe, B. Stewart,
H. Ohmoto
8-16-P. Thermophiles as Candidate Iron-Reducing Bacteria For Putative Biogenic
Magnetite in Banded Iron Formations Y. Li, H. Vali, M. D. Dya, K. Konhauser,
T.J. Phelps
8-28-P. Natural Fractionation of Uranium Isotopes and Ocean Paleoredox
S. Weyer, A. Anbar, E. Schauble