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24 -- Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals
FIVE ORAL SESSIONS
TUESDAY, April 15, 2008: AFTERNOON
Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals: Organic Biosignatures in Minerals
WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2008: MORNING
Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals: Mineral and Chemical Biosignatures – Part I
WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2008: AFTERNOON
Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals: Mineral and Chemical Biosignatures – Part II
THURSDAY, April 17, 2008: MORNING
Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals: Isotope Biosignatures – Part I
THURSDAY, April 17, 2008: AFTERNOON
Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals: Isotope Biosignatures – Part II
Max Coleman
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA, USA
Chris Romanek
Savannah River Ecology Laboratory
Aiken, SC, USA
Clark Johnson
University of Wisconsin
Madison, WI, USA
Description
Organic biomolecules are the gold-standard of biosignature research. However, unlike gold, organic molecules are not immutable and are prone to degradation. Mineral biosignatures may be harder to identify unambiguously, but are likely to be much more durable. This session invites contributions in two areas: minerals as biosignatures themselves, and minerals as containers of organic biomolecules. Papers combining both approaches are particularly welcome. Mineral biosignatures may include: biominerals, produced directly by organisms as part of their structure (such as magnetite in magnetotactic bacteria); minerals that coat microorganisms; minerals produced in a habitat where the chemical or isotopic composition is affected by metabolic products (for example ferrous iron, ferric iron, sulfide or carbonate minerals, produced by iron reduction, iron oxidation, sulfate reduction and organic matter oxidation, respectively). Equally, detailed characterization of minerals formed in the presence of microbial processes, but not incorporating their products, may show features reflecting their environment of formation; examples include kinetic controls on the expression crystal faces in carbonates that may be affected by the presence of organic compounds. In all these possibilities, mineralogical, geochemical, and stable isotope (both traditional and new) data bear on defining biosignatures of past life. Fossilization of microbes is not the main focus of this session, and instead we invite papers focused on the mineral record left by microbial colonies, past and present.Preservation of organic biosignatures may be aided by their entombment in minerals. Although only present in small amounts, application of careful and sensitive extraction techniques can reveal significant biosignature material in, for example, sulfate evaporites. This is an emerging field and we solicit contributions that deal with this area, particularly those that involve characterization of the mineral or studies of preservation under various environmental conditions.
ORAL SESSIONS
TUESDAY, April 15, 2008: AFTERNOON
Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals: Organic Biosignatures in Minerals
3:15 24-43-O. New Techniques for the Detection of Evidence of Past Life in Mars Rocks
[invited] J.W. Schopf, A.B. Kudryavtsev
3:45 24-45-O. Detecting Heterogeneously Distributed Bioorganic Compounds
Associated with Mineral Matrices J. Scott, J.M. Kotler, C. Richardson, N.W. Hinman,
T.R. McJunkin
4:00 24-01-O. The Preservation of Amino Acid Biosignatures in Mars Analog Minerals -
Implications for Future Life Detection [invited] A.D. Aubrey, J.H. Chalmers, J.L. Bada
4:30 BREAK
4:45 24-25-O. Experimental Preservation of Amino Acids in Iron-Rich Sulfate Brine
Precipitates under Simulated Martian Surface Conditions A. Johnson, L. Pratt
5:00 24-18-O. Discrete Layer Coring System for Astrobiological Sample Acquisition
and Handling without Chemical Degradation F. Grunthaner, M. Coleman, R. Mielke,
X. Amashukeli, P. Willis, C. Bryson
5:15 24-02-O. A Monoclonal Antibody Approach to Detecting Lipid Biomarkers and
Assessing Their Syngeneity J. Bailey, F. Corsetti, D. Caron, J.M. Moldowan
WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2008: MORNING
Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals: Mineral and Chemical Biosignatures – Part I
9:45 24-16-O. Sufate Reducing Bacterial Activity at a Hematite Surface Promotes
Formation of the Iron Sulfide Pyrrhotite G. Geesey, A. Neal, C. Reardon
10:00 24-58-O. Nano-structured Minerals as Biosignatures of Microbial Activities
H. Xu, T. Chen
10:15 24-41-O. Aerobically Biomediated Ca-Mg Carbonates: Implications for Ancient
and Modern Carbonate Formations M. Sanchez-Roman, M.A. Rivadeneyra,
S.M. Bernasconi, C.S. Romanek
10:30 24-56-O. Microbially-mediated Mineralization: A Lesson in the Present for
Interpreting the Past? [invited] P. Visscher
11:00 BREAK
11:15 24-32-O. Behaviors of Redox Sensitive Elements in Subaerial- and Submarine
Weathering Products as Proxies for the Chemical and Biological Environments of
Early Earth [invited] H. Ohmoto, I. Johnson, T. Otake, Y. Watanabe
11:45 24-20-O. Mineral Evolution of Terrestrial Planets
R. Hazen, J. Ferry, D. Papineau, H. Yang
WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2008: AFTERNOON
Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals: Mineral and Chemical Biosignatures – Part II
3:15 24-53-O. Reassessment of the "Life on Mars" Hypoyhesis
K. Thomas-Keprta, S.J. Clemett, D.S. McKay, E.K. Gibson, S.J. Wentworth
3:30 24-21-O. Soil Formation in the Pre-vegetated World L. Horodyskyj, T. White, L. Kump
3:45 24-29-O. Nano-aragonite Associated with Organic Globules Supports a Biogenic
Origin of 2.7 Gyr -old Stomatolites K. Lepot, K. Benzerara, P. Philippot, G.E. Brown
4:00 24-48-O. Microbial Motility and Morphological Biosignatures
D Sumner, J.P. Crutchfield, R.N. Shepard
4:15 BREAK
4:30 24-03-O. Titanite Mineralization as a Mechanism for Preservation of ~3.5 Billion-
year-old Microbial Ichnofossils N. Banerjee, T. Chacko, K. Muehlenbachs, H. Furnes,
N. McLoughlin, J. Shervais
4:45 24-36-O. Graphite Associated with Apatite in the ~3.83 Ga Quartz-pyroxene Rock
from Akilia, Southwest Greenland D. Papineau, M.L. Fogel, G.D. Cody, B.T. DeGregorio,
M.D. Fries, S.J. Mojzsis, A. Steele, R.M. Stroud, J. Wang
5:00 24-39-O. Weathered Volcanic Tuff in Box Canyon, Idaho as an Analog to Ancient
Weathering Environments on Mars E. Roden, M. Blothe, G. Tangalos, E. Freeman,
H. Xu, J. Eigenbrode, V. Gillerman
5:15 24-54-O. Why is Magnetite a Reliable Biomarker for the Recognition of Biological
Activity in Ancient Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments?
H. Vali, D. Schumann, T.D. Raub, J.L. Kirschvink
THURSDAY, April 17, 2008: MORNING
Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals: Isotope Biosignatures – Part I
9:45 24-55-O. Applications of Wisc-SIMS to Astrobiology J. Valley, N.T. Kita, T. Ushikubo,
R. Kozdon, M. Spicuzza, B. Beard, C.Johnson
10:00 24-11-O. Mass Conservation Effects in Sulfur Isotopes: Methods for Deconvolving
Sulfur Metabolisms and Prospects for Distinguishing Biogenic from Abiogenic
Signals [invited] J. Farquhar
10:30 24-04-O. Thinking Strategically about Communication: Why Astrobiologists
Should Care.... L. Billings
10:45 24-40-O. A Reassessment of the Evidence for Sulfur-Based Microbial Metabolic
Activity in the Early Archean at North Pole, Western Australia
B. Runnegar, S. Fitz-Gibbon
11:00 BREAK
11:15 24-26-O. Isotopic Compositions of Oxides and Carbonates in Banded Iron
Formations Record the History of Fe Redox Cycling in the Archean and
Proterozoic C. Johnson, B. Beard, E. Roden
11:30 24-05-O. NASA Astrobiology Institute Science Researchers and Educators:
Collaborating to Enhance Teacher Professional Development L. Bug, L. Brown,
P. Harman, E. DeVore, M. Bahr, S. Kelly, M.A. Kadooka, S. Stockman, R. Droppo
11:45 24-12-O. Recycling of Fe Isotopes in Secondary Magnetite and Pyrrhotite from
Archean Quartz-pyroxene Rocks, Akilia Determined by SIMS
C. Fedo, M.J. Whitehouse
THURSDAY, April 17, 2008: AFTERNOON
Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Minerals: Isotope Biosignatures – Part II
3:15 24-27-O. Carbon Isotope Biosignatures in Rocks on Early Earth and Mars
L. P. Knauth
3:30 24-33-O. How a Novel International Astrobiology Education Project Changed
the Understanding of Science for Almost Half of the Participating Students
C. Oliver, M. Walter, P. Davies
3:45 24-08-O. A Sulfate Mineral Biosignature from Microbial Oxidation of Pyrite
M. Coleman, B. Brunner, R.E. Mielke, J-Y. Yu
4:00 24-23-O. Astrobiology in Virtual Worlds C. Impey, A. Gauthier, D. Huber
POSTERS
24-06-P. Focus on Diversity: Field Testing the Astrobiology in Secondary Classrooms
Curriculum J. Butler, L.A. de la Rubia, T. Gary, T. Cummings, S. Stockman, S. Kuner,
M. Mumma, S. Pfiffner, K. Davis, J. Edmonds
24-07-P. Magnesium Stable Isotope Biosignatures B. Casey, J. Black, Q. Yin
24-09-P. Geochemical Characterization of Permineralized Kerogen
A. Czaja, A.B. Kudryavtsev, G.D. Cody, J.W. Schopf
24-10-P. Mineralogical Biosignatures: A Laboratory Model for Subsurface Sulfur and Iron
Respiring Martian Life J. Denson, M. Ivey
24-13-P. Aqueous Oxidation of Organic Biosignatures on Mars A. Fernandez-Davila,
A.G. Fairen, C. Stoker, L.G. Duport, R. Amils, R. Bonaccorsi, J. Zavaleta, D. Lim,
C. McKay, D. Schulze-Makuch
24-14-P. Preservation and Significance of Biosignatures from a Seasonally Dynamic
Evaporative, Alluvial System D. Finkelstein
24-15-P. Organic Biomarkers in Active and Fossil Travertine Deposits: Linking the Present
with the Past J. Fiser, C. Romanek, G. Mills, C. Zhang, N. Garvin, H. Brant
24-17-P. Association of Anatase (TiO2) and Bacteria: A Potential Biosignature or Unusual
Fossilization Effect? M. Glamoclija, A. Steele, M. Fries, J. Schieber
24-19-P. Using Pyroxene and Amphibole Compositions to Determine Protolith of Banded
Quartz-pyroxene Rocks on Akilia: An Environment Suitable for Hosting Earth's
Oldest Life? M. Hage, T. Usui, C. Fedo, M. Whitehouse
24-22-P. Structural Variations in Primary Hydrothermal Opal-A Sinter Precipitates
Measured with Energy Filtered Electron Diffraction R. Hugo, J.C. Goin, S.D. Pogula,
W.F. Smythe, S.L. Cady,
24-24-P. Differences in Raman Spectrum between Inorganic and Shewanella-induced
Magnetite C. Jimenez-Lopez, T. Perez-Gonzalez, A. Neal, F. Rull
24-28-P. Elemental Partitioning from Natural Waters to Mineral and Microbial Assemblages
in Yellowstone National Park, USA: Can Surface Adsorption Processes Provide a
Biosignature? S. Lalonde, K.O. Konhauser
24-30-P. Microbial Biosignature Capture and Preservation in Sulfate Evaporites:
Implications for Mars Exploration J. Lockard, J. Farmer, H. Hartnett
24-31-P. Does Iron Displacement from Siderophores Lead to Iron Isotope Fractionation?
J. Nuester, L.J. Lierman, L.E Wasylenki, A.D. Anbar, S.L. Brantley
24-34-P. Probing the Deep Biosphere by Multiple-sulfur Isotope Ratios of Pyrite from
Oceanic Basement Rocks S. Ono, O. Roxel, J. Alt, D. Rumble
24-35-P. Theoretical Investigations of Equilibrium and Surface Adsorption Effects on Mass-
dependent Fractionation in Multiple Sulfur Isotope Systems
T. Otake, A.C. Lasaga, H. Ohmoto
24-37-P. Biologically Induced Inorganic and Organic Biosignatures in Iron Oxides and
Evaporites: Examples from a Yellowstone Hydrothermal Iron Spring and the
Guerrero Negro Sabkha M. Parenteau, L.L. Jahnke, M.B. Vogel, S.L. Cady
24-38-P. Ni in Banded Iron-formations: Potential Evolutionary Implications
E. Pecoits, S.V. Lalonde, K.O. Konhauser
24-42-P. Struvite as a Possible Precursor of Carbonates in Natural Systems
M. Sanchez-Roman, M.A. Rivadeneyra, S.M. Bernasconi, C.S. Romanek
24-44-P. Bioalteration of Basaltic Glass in the Stonyford Volcanic Complex, Northern
California Coast Ranges: Implications for Early Planetary Ecosystems
C. Schultz, N. Banerjee, J. Shervais
24-46-P. Using 14C to Constrain Carbon Sources and Growth of Carbonate Microbialites
in Pavilion Lake, British Columbia G. Slater, A.L. Brady, B.Laval, D.S.S. Lim
24-47-P. Dolomite Precipitation Experiments with Microbes and Alkaline Waters from the
Del Puerto Ophiolite, California Coast Range USA J. Stuart, S. Green, J. Blank
24-49-P. Jarosite, Rosickyite, and (Mg)2NaK(PO4)2•14H2O Formations in Endolithic
Microbial Communities H. Sun, H. Yang, R.M. Hazen, D. Moser
24-50-P. Isotopic Biosignatures of Bacterial Sulfate Reduction in Gypsiferous Sediments
from Pleistocene/Holocene Playas in New Mexico
A. Szynkiewicz, L.M. Pratt, M. Glamoclija, E. Singer
24-51-P. Iron-isotopic Evidence for Dissimilatory Iron Reduction in Reservoir Sediment
Near Iron Mountain, California G. Tangalos, E. Shelobolina, C. Alpers, B. Beard,
C. Johnson, E. Roden
24-52-P. Genesis of Mono Lake Tufas by Microbially-mediated Carbonate Precipitation
M. Thomas, J. Farmer
24-57-P. Fe Isotope Investigation of the Pyrite Lifecycle A. Wolfe, Liu, Ran, B.W. Stewart,
R.C. Capo, D.A. Dzombak